Sweep configuration options
A sweep configuration consists of nested key-value pairs. Use top-level keys within your sweep configuration to define qualities of your sweep search such as the parameters to search through (parameter key), the methodology to search the parameter space (method key), and more.
The proceeding table lists top-level sweep configuration keys and a brief description. See the respective sections for more information about each key.
| Top-level keys | Description |
|---|---|
program | (required) Training script to run |
entity | The entity for this sweep |
project | The project for this sweep |
description | Text description of the sweep |
name | The name of the sweep, displayed in the W&B UI. |
method | (required) The search strategy |
metric | The metric to optimize (only used by certain search strategies and stopping criteria) |
parameters | (required) Parameter bounds to search |
early_terminate | Any early stopping criteria |
command | Command structure for invoking and passing arguments to the training script |
run_cap | Maximum number of runs for this sweep |
See the Sweep configuration structure for more information on how to structure your sweep configuration.
metric
Use the metric top-level sweep configuration key to specify the name, the goal, and the target metric to optimize.
| Key | Description |
|---|---|
name | Name of the metric to optimize. |
goal | Either minimize or maximize (Default is minimize). |
target | Goal value for the metric you are optimizing. The sweep does not create new runs when if or when a run reaches a target value that you specify. Active agents that have a run executing (when the run reaches the target) wait until the run completes before the agent stops creating new runs. |
parameters
In your YAML file or Python script, specify parameters as a top level key. Within the parameters key, provide the name of a hyperparameter you want to optimize. Common hyperparameters include: learning rate, batch size, epochs, optimizers, and more. For each hyperparameter you define in your sweep configuration, specify one or more search constraints.
The proceeding table shows supported hyperparameter search constraints. Based on your hyperparameter and use case, use one of the search constraints below to tell your sweep agent where (in the case of a distribution) or what (value, values, and so forth) to search or use.
| Search constraint | Description |
|---|---|
values | Specifies all valid values for this hyperparameter. Compatible with grid. |
value | Specifies the single valid value for this hyperparameter. Compatible with grid. |
distribution | Specify a probability distribution. See the note following this table for information on default values. |
probabilities | Specify the probability of selecting each element of values when using random. |
min, max | (intor float) Maximum and minimum values. If int, for int_uniform -distributed hyperparameters. If float, for uniform -distributed hyperparameters. |
mu | (float) Mean parameter for normal - or lognormal -distributed hyperparameters. |
sigma | (float) Standard deviation parameter for normal - or lognormal -distributed hyperparameters. |
q | (float) Quantization step size for quantized hyperparameters. |
parameters | Nest other parameters inside a root level parameter. |
W&B sets the following distributions based on the following conditions if a distribution is not specified:
categoricalif you specifyvaluesint_uniformif you specifymaxandminas integersuniformif you specifymaxandminas floatsconstantif you provide a set tovalue
method
Specify the hyperparameter search strategy with the method key. There are three hyperparameter search strategies to choose from: grid, random, and Bayesian search.
Grid search
Iterate over every combination of hyperparameter values. Grid search makes uninformed decisions on the set of hyperparameter values to use on each iteration. Grid search can be computationally costly.
Grid search executes forever if it is searching within in a continuous search space.
Random search
Choose a random, uninformed, set of hyperparameter values on each iteration based on a distribution. Random search runs forever unless you stop the process from the command line, within your python script, or the W&B App UI.
Specify the distribution space with the metric key if you choose random (method: random) search.
Bayesian search
In contrast to random and grid search, Bayesian models make informed decisions. Bayesian optimization uses a probabilistic model to decide which values to use through an iterative process of testing values on a surrogate function before evaluating the objective function. Bayesian search works well for small numbers of continuous parameters but scales poorly. For more information about Bayesian search, see the Bayesian Optimization Primer paper.
Bayesian search runs forever unless you stop the process from the command line, within your python script, or the W&B App UI.
Distribution options for random and Bayesian search
Within the parameter key, nest the name of the hyperparameter. Next, specify the distribution key and specify a distribution for the value.
The proceeding tables lists distributions W&B supports.
Value for distribution key | Description |
|---|---|
constant | Constant distribution. Must specify the constant value (value) to use. |
categorical | Categorical distribution. Must specify all valid values (values) for this hyperparameter. |
int_uniform | Discrete uniform distribution on integers. Must specify max and min as integers. |
uniform | Continuous uniform distribution. Must specify max and min as floats. |
q_uniform | Quantized uniform distribution. Returns round(X / q) * q where X is uniform. q defaults to 1. |
log_uniform | Log-uniform distribution. Returns a value X between exp(min) and exp(max)such that the natural logarithm is uniformly distributed between min and max. |
log_uniform_values | Log-uniform distribution. Returns a value X between min and max such that log(X) is uniformly distributed between log(min) and log(max). |
q_log_uniform | Quantized log uniform. Returns round(X / q) * q where X is log_uniform. q defaults to 1. |
q_log_uniform_values | Quantized log uniform. Returns round(X / q) * q where X is log_uniform_values. q defaults to 1. |
inv_log_uniform | Inverse log uniform distribution. Returns X, where log(1/X) is uniformly distributed between min and max. |
inv_log_uniform_values | Inverse log uniform distribution. Returns X, where log(1/X) is uniformly distributed between log(1/max) and log(1/min). |
normal | Normal distribution. Return value is normally distributed with mean mu (default 0) and standard deviation sigma (default 1). |
q_normal | Quantized normal distribution. Returns round(X / q) * q where X is normal. Q defaults to 1. |
log_normal | Log normal distribution. Returns a value X such that the natural logarithm log(X) is normally distributed with mean mu (default 0) and standard deviation sigma (default 1). |
q_log_normal | Quantized log normal distribution. Returns round(X / q) * q where X is log_normal. q defaults to 1. |
early_terminate
Use early termination (early_terminate) to stop poorly performing runs. If early termination occurs, W&B stops the current run before it creates a new run with a new set of hyperparameter values.
You must specify a stopping algorithm if you use early_terminate. Nest the type key within early_terminate within your sweep configuration.
Stopping algorithm
W&B currently supports Hyperband stopping algorithm.
Hyperband hyperparameter optimization evaluates if a program should stop or if it should to continue at one or more pre-set iteration counts, called brackets.
When a W&B run reaches a bracket, the sweep compares that run's metric to all previously reported metric values. The sweep terminates the run if the run's metric value is too high (when the goal is minimization) or if the run's metric is too low (when the goal is maximization).
Brackets are based on the number of logged iterations. The number of brackets corresponds to the number of times you log the metric you are optimizing. The iterations can correspond to steps, epochs, or something in between. The numerical value of the step counter is not used in bracket calculations.
Specify either min_iter or max_iter to create a bracket schedule.
| Key | Description |
|---|---|
min_iter | Specify the iteration for the first bracket |
max_iter | Specify the maximum number of iterations. |
s | Specify the total number of brackets (required for max_iter) |
eta | Specify the bracket multiplier schedule (default: 3). |
strict | Enable 'strict' mode that prunes runs aggressively, more closely following the original Hyperband paper. Defaults to false. |
Hyperband checks which W&B runs to end once every few minutes. The end run timestamp might differ from the specified brackets if your run or iteration are short.
command
Modify the format and contents with nested values within the command key. You can directly include fixed components such as filenames.
On Unix systems, /usr/bin/env ensures that the OS chooses the correct Python interpreter based on the environment.
W&B supports the following macros for variable components of the command:
| Command macro | Description |
|---|---|
${env} | /usr/bin/env on Unix systems, omitted on Windows. |
${interpreter} | Expands to python. |
${program} | Training script filename specified by the sweep configuration program key. |
${args} | Hyperparameters and their values in the form --param1=value1 --param2=value2. |
${args_no_boolean_flags} | Hyperparameters and their values in the form --param1=value1 except boolean parameters are in the form --boolean_flag_param when True and omitted when False. |
${args_no_hyphens} | Hyperparameters and their values in the form param1=value1 param2=value2. |
${args_json} | Hyperparameters and their values encoded as JSON. |
${args_json_file} | The path to a file containing the hyperparameters and their values encoded as JSON. |
${envvar} | A way to pass environment variables. ${envvar:MYENVVAR} __ expands to the value of MYENVVAR environment variable. __ |